An Information Product is any final product in the form of information that a person needs to have. This Information Product consists of several Information Element, which are located in the organizational value chain. To illustrate the concept of an IP, an example is shown of a bottleneck analysis in HR (by J. Willems 2008). Here, the illustration shows how the Information Elements (e.g. Qualifications) build up the Information Product (e.g. HR File).